Sunday, August 23, 2020
Friday, August 21, 2020
GLOBALIZATION POVERTY AND INEQUALITY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9000 words
GLOBALIZATION POVERTY AND INEQUALITY - Essay Example It makes us wonder whether in this unique circumstance, globalization is really gainful as the neoliberals guarantee. Truth be told, opportunity has arrived to look for other suitable other options, or if essential, to change globalization in such a way, that it truly assists with serving poor people and destitute, and assists with expelling all limits of imbalance. Official Summary: A nearby glance at the contentions introduced by the neoliberal scholars will give us that in the previous two decades there has been a checked abatement in the pay disparity file factor and furthermore a descending development pace of the destitution factor, an extraordinary deviation from the image that we have seen for a century and a half. Neoliberal contentions further clarify this improved picture is emerging principally from the globalization factor that is achieving a combination of economies all through the world breaking every single national outskirt and limits. A gander at the financial states of the underdeveloped nations uncover that, about the entirety of the South East Asian nations, particularly China and India, have advanced quickly with a fall in destitution rates. Anyway the focal and eastern European nations, involving a large number of the previous individuals from the Soviet Union republic, and the nations of the sub-Saharan belt have relapsed and demonstrated expanded destitution levels. The Latin American nations are stale most definitely; anyway the neoliberal contention says that globalization is digging in for the long haul, since after the separate of Bretton Woods, it has been commonly reasoned that it is progressively advantageous to have a meeting framework, rather than selecting interests that contention and make boundaries. This paper will investigate and will take an inside and out glance at the contentions set forward by the neoliberal speculations, and will break down the experimental reason for their contentions. ââ¬Å"Globalization
Tuesday, July 14, 2020
Interesting Animal Facts
Interesting Animal Facts All species have their own unique abilities.Humans have highly developed brains. Ants never sleep. Elephants can smell water 3 miles away. Snails can grow new eyesEnjoy this little journey to the miraculous world of animals. Hope you learn a thing or two along the way! Australian termites can build mounds twenty feet high and at least 100 feet wide.Birds dont urinate.Ants never sleep. Also they donât have lungs. Worker ants may live seven years and the queen may live as long as 15 years.Horses and cows sleep while standing up.If you lift a kangaroos tail off the ground it cant hop they use their tails for balance.The horn of a rhinoceros is made from compacted hair rather than bone or another substance.The bat is the only mammal that can fly. The leg bones of a bat are so thin that no bat can walk.Bats always turn left when leaving a cave.A tarantula spider can survive for more than two years without food.Even when a snake has its eyes closed, it can still see through its eyelid s.Despite the white, fluffy appearance of Polar Bears fur, it actually has black skin.The average housefly only lives for 2 or 3 weeks.Male mosquitos do not bite, only female mosquito bites.For every human in the world there are one million ants.For every person there are rougly 200 million insects.Even a small amount of alcohol placed on a scorpion will make it go crazy and sting itself to death!Alligators and sharks can live up to 100 years.Rats breed so quickly that in just 18 months, 2 rats could have created over 1 million relatives.A bee must visit 4,000 flowers in order to make one tablespoon of honey.A honeybee has two stomaches- one for honey, one for food.A bee can see the colors green, blue and ultra-violet but red looks like black.Great white Sharks can go as long as three months without eating.Mayflies live for a year or more as larvae; but as adults they live for only a few hours.Killer whales kill sharks by torpedoing up into the sharks stomach from underneath, causi ng the shark to explode.Killer whales are not whales at all, rather a species of dolphin.Most elephants weigh less than the tongue of a blue whale. The heart of a blue whale is the size of a small car.A cockroach can survive for about a week without its head before dying of starvation.When a dolphin is sick or injured, its cries of distress summon immediate aid from other dolphins, who try to support it to the surface so that it can breathe.A dragonfly can spot an insect moving 33 feet away.The heart of a shrimp is located in its head.A snail can sleep for 3 years.The oceans contain 99 percent of the living space on the planet.The fastest bird, the spine-tailed swift, can fly as fast as 106mph.A cow gives nearly 200,000 glasses of milk in her lifetime.A newborn kangaroo is about 1 inch in length. It then grows inside its mothers bag.Dolphins sleep with one half of the brain at a time, and one eye closed.The leech has 32 brains.Camels have three eyelids to protect themselves from the blowing sand.The average outdoor-only cat has a lifespan of about three years. Indoor-only cats can live sixteen years and longer.It takes a lobster about seven years to grow to be one pound.On average, pigs live for about 15 years.Sharks are the only animals that never get sick. They are immune to every type of disease including cancer.Goats eyes have rectangular pupils.The placement of a donkeys eyes in its head enables it to see all four feet at all times.A dolphins hearing is so acute that it can pick up an underwater sound from fifteen miles away.A mosquito has 47 teeth.No two zebras have the same markings.Butterflies taste with their hind feet.The sex organ on a male spider is located at the end of one of its legs.Birds do not sleep in their nests. They may occasionally nap in them, but they actually sleep in other places.Lobsters can live up to 50 years.The ears of a cricket are located on the front legs, just below the knee.Bees have five eyes. There are 3 small eyes on the top of a bees head and 2 larger ones in front.It is physically impossible for pigs to look up into the sky.Polar bears cannot be detected by infrared cameras, due to their transparent fur.A snail only mates once.Flies have 4000 lenses in each eye.Shrimp can only swim backwards.The owl can catch a mouse in utter darkness, guided only by tiny sounds made by its prey.Strands of spider web are stronger than steel wire of the same thickness.Squirrels can climb trees faster than they can run on the ground.Tigers have striped skin, not just striped fur.Rattlesnakes gather in groups to sleep through the winter. Sometimes up to 1,000 of them will coil up together to keep warm.Cows have four stomachs.The honey bee has been around for 30 million years.An elephant can smell water up to 3 miles away.If you cut off a snails eye, it will grow a new one.Oysters can change from one gender to another and back again depending on which is best for mating.A starving mouse will eat its own tail.Sharks h ave been around longer than dinosaurs.A butterfly has 12,000 eyes.The lifespan of 75% of wild birds is 6 months.A Giraffe has the same number of bones in its neck as a man.The blue whale is the largest of all whales and is also considered the largest animal to have ever existed in the world.An adult lions roar can be heard up to five miles away, and warns off intruders or reunites scattered members of the pride.Many fish can change sex during the course of their lives. Others, especially rare deep-sea fish, have both male and female sex organs.The average hen lays 257 eggs a year.A scallop has 35 blue eyes.When a dog licks you with a straight tongue, hes saying I Love You.Spiders are believed to have existed for more than 300 million years.Dinosaurs lived on Earth for around 165 million years before they became extinct.We humans share 98.4% of our DNA with a chimp.Each year, insects eat 1/3 of the earths food crop.The blood of mammals is red, the blood of insects is yellow, and the blood of lobsters is blue.You should not eat a crawfish with a straight tail. It was dead before it was cooked.Of all known forms of animals life ever to inhabit the Earth, only about 10 percent still exist today.
Thursday, May 21, 2020
Analysis of Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman
Arthur Millers play Death of a Salesman was a hit nearly from its debut, and its importance to American literature and theater has not diminished in the over half a century since its first performance in 1949. However, the specific areas of the play that have most intrigued critics have changed over time, as different historical, social, and literary concerns lead critics to come up with different interpretations. By analyzing three different critical responses to Death of a Salesman, it will be possible to not only understand the play better, but also actually see how the reception of the play has changed as societys standards of criticism and discourse changed over the intervening years. One is able to see how shifting views on patriarchy lead to a change in the plays reception, and particularly the characterization of Willy Loman, who transforms from a tragic, albeit flawed man into the contemptible lackey of a patriarchal, capitalist society that has little regard for human healt h or happiness. The first critical response to Death of a Salesman considered here actually comes from 1949, just as the play was first debuting on Broadway. The first reviews of the play were almost unanimously positive, and February, 1949, review in the Los Angeles Times is indicative of the praises it received at the time. The Times review, like most popular reviews, does not bother with literary theory, but rather focuses solely on the plot and reviewing the constituent elements of theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Arthur Millers Death Of Salesman 1548 Words à |à 7 Pages Research paper on death of salesman Arthur Miller created stories that express the deepest meanings of struggle. Miller is the most prominent twentieth-century American playwrights. He based his works on his own life, and his observations of the American scene. Arthur Asher Miller was born 17 October 1915 in Manhattan, New York city. He was the son of Jewish immigrants from Poland. His parents had a prosperous clothing company. Unfortunately when the stock market crashed, because his familyRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Millers Death Of Salesman 1611 Words à |à 7 PagesResearch paper on death of salesman Arthur Miller created stories that express the deepest meanings of struggle. Miller is the most prominent twentieth-century American playwrights. He based his works on his own life, and his observations of the American scene. Arthur Asher Miller was born 17 October 1915 in Manhattan, New York city. He was the son of Jewish immigrants from Poland. His parents had a prosperous clothing company. Unfortunately when the stock market crashed, because his familyRead MoreAnalysis Of Father And Son In Arthur Millers Death Of A Salesman808 Words à |à 4 PagesFather and son, a cherished bond built on a balance between communication and vital support. In Arthur Millerââ¬â¢s classic playwright, Death of a Salesman, the establishment of said relationships, or in some cases lack of said relationship, is seen throughout the theatrical work. Millerââ¬â¢s vivid use of flashbacks helps exemplify his true intent in writing such a hauntingly realistic story of internal loss of self ident ity and worth reflected in family relations.Although many do not realize these happeningsRead MoreLiterary Analysis: Arthur Millerââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Death of a Salesmanâ⬠ââ¬â A Tragedy?1416 Words à |à 6 PagesWhat is manââ¬â¢s focus in life? What is manââ¬â¢s purpose in life? Is it materialism and/or the prospect of how others may view him? Should man put their trust in Godââ¬â¢s Word the Bible or leave it up to himself? In ââ¬Å"Death of a Salesmanâ⬠by Arthur Miller, but is it correct to define this theatric drama as a tragedy. According to Klaas Tindemans, ââ¬Å"Aristotleââ¬â¢s concept of tragedy has been perceived as both a descriptive and a normative concept: a description of a practice as it should be continuedâ⬠thereforeRead MoreAn Analysis of Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman and William Shakespeares Hamlet2064 Words à |à 8 Pagescan. In the play Death of a Salesman, main character Willy Loman is a man past his prime. He has been a salesman all his adult life and yet he has never been successful, despite his bravado. Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman is about a sad salesman named Willy Loman who has spent his entire adult life working in sales, hoping to makes something of his life with little success, but always believing and affirming that a man who is well-liked is always successful. Death of a Salesman has what wouldRead More Death of a Salesman is a Tragedy as Defined in Millers Tragedy and the Common Man1046 Words à |à 5 PagesDeath of a Salesman is a Tragedy as Defined in Mill ers Tragedy and the Common Man In Tragedy and the Common Man, Arthur Miller discusses his definition and criteria for tragedy as they apply to the common man. The criteria and standards proposed by Miller may be used to evaluate his timeless work, Death of A Salesman. The first major standard of tragedy set forth is:à ââ¬Å"...if the exaltation of tragic action were truly a property of the high-bred character alone, it is inconceivable thatRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman1027 Words à |à 5 PagesAn Analysis of Tragic Heroism of Biff Loman in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller This literary study will define the tragic heroism of Biff Loman in Arthur Millerââ¬â¢s play The Death of a Salesman. Biff is initially a victim of Willyââ¬â¢s continual harassment to make more money and find a better career. In this family unit, Biff must endure the unrealistic and fantasy-based elusions of his father in his fanatical pursuit of the American Dream. However, Biff soon learns of Willyââ¬â¢s extra-marital betrayalRead MoreWilly Loman, the Modern Hero in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman1739 Words à |à 7 Pages In Arthur Millerââ¬â¢s essay ââ¬Å"Tragedy and the Common Manâ⬠, a picture is painted of a ââ¬Å"flaw-fullâ⬠man, known as the modern hero of tragedies. Miller describes what characteristics the modern tragic hero possesses and how he differs from the heroes depicted by classic Greek playwrights such as Sophocles and Aristotle. In order to understand how drastically the modern hero has evolved, one must first understand the basic characteristics that the heroes created by Sophocles and Aristotle encompass. TheRead MoreDeath of a Salesman Analysis Essay2107 Words à |à 9 Pagestheir family; however, there has been much debate over whether or not the American dream is still obtainable in modern society. One piece of American literature that substantiates the fact that the American Dream can not be gotten is Arthur Millerââ¬â¢s Death of a Salesman which describes the tragedy of the average person in America. A number of other writers also draw the inability to captur e the American Dream. John Steinbeck demonstrates in his highly acclaimed novel The Grapes of Wrath how hard economicRead MoreFailure Of The American Dream In The Writings Of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Zora Neale Hurston, And August Wilson1418 Words à |à 6 Pagesâ⬠American Dreamâ⬠in the writings of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Arthur Miller, Zora Neale Hurston, and August Wilson. Fitzgeraldââ¬â¢s account of the Jay Gatsby s rise to fame in the 1920s defines the failure of financial success as part of the American Dream. Gatsby will eventually die due to his excessive greed, which is not unlike the emotional death of Willy Loman as he fails to become a successful salesman in Author Millerââ¬â¢s Death of a Salesman. More so, Hurstonââ¬â¢s depiction of Nannyââ¬â¢s own failures in
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
William Shakespeare s Hamlet, The Most Famous Being...
Several emotions engulf Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Hamlet throughout the play, the most famous being Hamletââ¬â¢s own emotional state. His madness, triggered by his incestuous uncle, has led several scholars to explore the psychological causes of his madness. This research into Hamletââ¬â¢s madness will explore his madness in comparison to other characters, the psychoanalytical studies behind his madness, and defining whether his madness is genuine or another play within the play. His mother and his uncle have married after only 2 months of Hamletââ¬â¢s fatherââ¬â¢s death. This has caused Hamlet to be in a heavy state of anger, mixed with his already deep state of mourning. According to Theodore Lidz, these two states can lead to one thinking back on all the negative wishes one may have had in the past. Considering Hamletââ¬â¢s relatively young age, death wishes upon a parent are not serious but they are common among children. ââ¬Å"â⬠¦and as most, if not all, children have sometimes had death wishes toward a parent, guilt over such wishes can become intense when the parent dies.â⬠(Lidz 48) All of these emotions mixed together so early in the play could lead to a sense of depression. Hamletââ¬â¢s madness is eerily similar to Opheliaââ¬â¢s, which may give Hamletââ¬â¢s madness credibility. ââ¬Å"Shakespeare,â⬠according to Lidz, ââ¬Å"carefully places Opheliaââ¬â¢s madness in apposition to Hamletââ¬â¢s, illuminating the causes of each by making Opheliaââ¬â¢s plight the female counterpart of Hamletââ¬â¢s dilemma.â⬠(Lidz 88) Ophelia, throughout the play,Show MoreRelatedHamlet : William Shakespeare s Hamlet1259 Words à |à 6 PagesOmar Sancho Professor Christopher Cook English 201-0810 Hamlet Paper 23 May 2016 Hamlet Character Analysis ââ¬Å"There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.â⬠(Act 2, Scene 2, 239-251) Hamlet by William Shakespeare is one of the most famous plays written that conveys a multitude theme. But most predominant is the presence of Hamlet s obsession with philosophy of life, throughout the play Hamlet philosophy reviles his point of view love, loyalty, the importance of family and friendsRead MoreHamlet, Prince Of Denmark1869 Words à |à 8 Pages ABSTRACT I, with all my interest and will decided to do my term paper on one of the most controversial yet diversely analysed work of literature that is Hamlet, Prince of Denmark written by the ever greatest man in history of English literature, William Shakespeare.The aura of this play is not at all questionable. The essence it captures down throughout every single scene and dialogues is undeniably recommendable. But in spite of these the playRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare : The Greatest Playwright Of All Times1845 Words à |à 8 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright of all times but one of the most famous English writers. Not only was he a talented playwright but he lived a very pivotal life; some say it s due to his 37 plays and 154 sonnets credited to him. His remarkable talent with the English language has inspired many writers and playwrights. However, over the years there has been much speculation about Shakespeare s life regarding his religious affiliation, sexual orientation, sources of collaborationRead MoreHamlets Soliloquy - to Be, or Not to Be2355 Words à |à 10 PagesHamlet s Soliloquy - To be, or not to be Hamlet s To be, or not to be soliloquy is arguably the most famous soliloquy in the history of the theatre. Even today, 400 years after it was written, most people are vaguely familiar with the soliloquy even though they may not know the play. What gives these 34 lines such universal appeal and recognition? What about Hamlet s introspection has prompted scholars and theatregoers alike to ask questions about their own existence over the centuries?Read MoreThe Tragic Flaw Of Shakespeare s Hamlet1734 Words à |à 7 PagesLogic in Hamlet Logic is man s most valuable asset; it is what pushed humanity past other species and helped develop humankind into what it is today. Without such logic and reasoning, humanity would not have evolved into the strongest and most powerful beings alive. It is what has enabled us to dominate the world, create civilization, unlock the secrets of the universe through math and science and reveal the true nature of man through art. One of artââ¬â¢s most beloved benefactors, William ShakespeareRead MoreThe Role Of Hamlet Developed Through English And Russian Theatre?2871 Words à |à 12 PagesHow has the character of Hamlet developed through English and Russian Theatre? Hamlet, the main character from one of the most famous Shakespeare s plays The Tragical Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke, is one of the most popular and well-known characters around the world (it is very difficult to find a person who hasnââ¬â¢t heard about him). William Shakespeare created an epic story about a young man, his way to revenge and his internal spiritual fight with his soul full of melancholy. The depthRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Death Of The English Language1891 Words à |à 8 PagesWilliam Shakespeare was thought to be born in Stratford in 1564. (cite) He was one of eight children and was born into a well-known and highly respected family. In the year of 1592 Shakespeareââ¬â¢s career began to take off. Shakespeare has written histories, comedies, tragedies, poems and tragic comedies. He has been distinguished as one of the first professional writers and the second most quoted after the holy bible. He is an influential artist and a play writer. He has w ritten 37 plays and 154 sonnetsRead More Love and Sexuality in Hamlet Essay2162 Words à |à 9 PagesThe aim of this paper is to analyze the themes of love and sexuality in one of Shakespeares most famous plays, Hamlet. As a playwright, Shakespeare depicted human nature profoundly, therefore, in Hamlet we may find as many kinds of love as the number of relationships that are described and intermingled. There is romantic love, paternal and maternal love, and friendship, which is love among people of the same rank, class or sex. The love present in some of these relationships is sometimes connectedRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire And Hamlet Essay1761 Words à |à 8 Pages ââ¬Å"She married. O, most wicked speed, to post, It is not, nor it cannot come to good. But break, my heart, for I must hold my tongueâ⬠(Shakespeare 1.2.62-63). The play ââ¬Å"Hamletâ⬠by Shakespeare and one of Tennessee Williams famous book called ââ¬Å"A Streetcar Named Desireâ⬠are very si milar. Both of these works go along perfectly with W.E.B. Du Boisââ¬â¢s short story ââ¬Å"The Comet.â⬠In ââ¬Å"Hamletâ⬠and ââ¬Å"A Streetcar Named Desireâ⬠these plays contain a tragic genre, characterization in main characters, and relationshipsRead Moreshakespeare influences16068 Words à |à 65 Pagesï » ¿ RESEARCH TOPIC An Analytic Review Of Shakespearean Influence On Faulkner s Tragedy RESEARCH QUESTION How Shakespeare tragic patterns influenced on William Faulkner s writings? NAME: SYEDA AMBREEN FATIMA FATHERââ¬â¢S NAME: SYED HASAN AKHTER SEAT NO: 1315793 ENROLMENT NO: 2013/ENG/M.A(LIT)/15681 DATE OF SUBMISSION: 28TH NOV 2013 SUBMITTED TO: MISS SAMREEN
Statement of Purpose Physiotherapy Free Essays
I am an Occupational Therapist passed out from Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Institute for the Physically Handicapped, Delhi University (Ministry of Social justice and Empowerment, Government of India). My professional Qualification (B. Sc. We will write a custom essay sample on Statement of Purpose Physiotherapy or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Hons. ) Occupational Therapy is recognized by World federation of Occupational Therapy and Validated by Association of Occupational Therapy, Ireland, Department of Health and child. Presently I am associated with the Health care segment of the largest business group in India, Medybiz Private Limited, New Delhi (India) as an Occupational Therapist and Counselor. There was already an inherent desire to enhance the horizon in my career and I was on the lookout for options. In my understanding, your esteemed university provides a suitable ground for me to sharpen my skills by application of previously acquired knowledge during my working days. I was associated with Rajkumari Amrit Kaur child Study center and The Enabling Centre, Department of Child Development, Lady Irwin College (Delhi University, India) as an Occupational Therapist and Counselor from 1st July 2003 to 28th February 2006 where I was responsible for providing Individual as well as Group Therapy to the age group 0-18 years for Children with Special needs. My experience with this age group, and where so in this field has become a basis for applying to your university for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMH) MSc. After having gone through my profile, I am quite hopeful that you will give enough precedence to my case and offer me the desired course. I am also keen to receive the 30% scholarship, which will help me fulfill my dreams of studying in the UK. With the knowledge gained I would be able to return to my home country and do honours to the field of Occupational Therapy in India. How to cite Statement of Purpose Physiotherapy, Papers
Friday, April 24, 2020
Is Britain a Meritocratic Society
It was determined by history that people need a belief based upon which they would build their present and future. Here is where the need for formulating various concepts of society derives from. One of the popular approaches to defining society is that of the meritocratic society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is Britain a Meritocratic Society? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First coined by Michael Young in his 1958 book named The Rise of Meritocracy, this conception is a combination of merit and aristocracy. Merit, broadly speaking, is a prominent value distinguishing one between the others and a will and hard work to use them as a tool for achieving success in life, and aristocracy is the upper class of the society who are the most privileged. In general, meritocracy is an aristocracy based on merit and ignoring kinship1. That said, meritocracy or a meritocratic society is a type of society in which those who have talents and extraordinary intellectual abilities and skills will achieve success in life and, what is more, reach the leading and ruling positions in their community regardless of their family ties and background2. According to the postulates of this approach to defining society, those who are the brightest and the most hard-working and persistent will occupy the highest positions in the society whether it be ruling a little group of people, an organization or a whole country. Generally speaking, meritocracy is: A principle of allocation of people to positions in the socio-economic hierarchy, typically jobs. â⬠¦ The theory is that meritocracy offers a ââ¬Ëladder of opportunityââ¬â¢, on which everyone has an equal chance to climb as far as their ââ¬Ëmeritââ¬â¢ permits.3 Meritocratic society operates based on several principles, as initially defined by Michael Young in his book. First of all, meritocracy requires administrative tool controlling the redistribut ion of human talent. That means that there should be specially authorised organization testing peopleââ¬â¢s unique abilities and skills before they occupy their positions in the society. Generally speaking, it means that there should be a special network of examinations and that certain position requires a certain set of skills, so prior to entering it, the potential occupant should be tested for having such skills. Second, the skills mentioned above should be fixed and unchangeable.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It does not mean that they remain the same over centuries; instead, they change once in a while so that they correspond to the needs of certain historical epoch but what remains unchangeable is the high level of knowledge and talent required for taking up higher appointments. Third, there is no place for competition in a perfect meritocracy. This principle may soun d a little weird if thinking about the very essence of the meritocratic approach but it is believed that administrative procedures have no defects thus eradicating competition as such. It may be explained by the fact that people are redistributed according to their abilities and talents so that they believe that they are exactly where they deserve to be thus there is no need to compete with others and prove that they are better than others4. Such a conception of society is a source of particular problems. First and foremost, meritocracy as such leads to socio-economic inequality in the society. From the theoretical perspective, it is viewed as the path towards equal opportunities but the practice has proven that society cannot operate when based on merit. Instead, family ties and the background, not intellectual abilities or unique skills, are the criteria for determining chances for success. It may be easily explained by one simple fact ââ¬â those who have already occupied high positions in the society do not want their children to hold lower ones thus blocking access to the talented people without the similar background5. The second challenge is the problem of defining the merit as such. As the times have changed, one new element was added to the concept of merit. It is that of kinship as it was already mentioned above. That said, as long as society values prestige and family ties instead of creative and intellectual potential, it cannot function and develop as a meritocracy in its traditional sense. The third problem of such a conception of the society is that living in the meritocratic conditions people are taught that inequality is justifiable. The reason for this belief lies in the definition of merit as such6. As long as people believe that they do not have the opportunity to obtain certain positions without certain skills or talents and that they deserve to be exactly where they are, they do not have the desire to change this reality, self-evolve, and reach new horizons. Many may believe that meritocracies are as dead as Julius Caesar but, in fact, they are not the tales of the past. Nowadays most developed societies consider themselves to be meritocratic, as they believe that there are equal opportunities to succeed in life for everyone who has talent and works hard.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is Britain a Meritocratic Society? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, they claim that the harder you work, the higher you get, and, of course, your talent and intellectual and creative potential are the only things that limit you in climbing the ladder. Together with that, people in the developed societies stress that they totally ignore the personââ¬â¢s background and family ties if he or she demonstrates yearning to succeed in life and has unique skills. Britain in this sense is not an exception, and it is a meritocratic society. In general, most people stick to a concept of merit. What is more, today, it almost does not matter what class you come from or what your ethnic background is because if you are talented and persistent, the possibility of achieving success is high. More than that, you are most likely to achieve the position your skills allow you to, so everyone in the society occupies exactly the right place. What is more prominent is that there have been many positive shifts in the movement towards perfect meritocratic society such as elevating a barrier of class. That means that birth in a working-class family, for example, does not preclude a talented person from gaining higher education and becoming a citizen of high-status. Regardless of the positive developments mentioned above class still matters in the overall setting of oneââ¬â¢s life. It originates from the parentsââ¬â¢ love and their desire to help their children find the best possible place in life not from stressing that class is a barrier to inte llectual and creative development. That said, parents might want to let their kids attend the most prestigious schools they can afford thus granting them certain merits in life7 as education has become one of them. What is more, they may help their children occupy particular positions thus inverting the natural course of meritocracy. Parentsââ¬â¢ interference with their childrenââ¬â¢s lives is what is one of the main preclusions to perfect meritocracy. It should be said, however, that this statement is only fair in the case of high-status families, especially those occupying the highest ruling positions in the society. In most cases today, those who hold them cannot make a boast of their social status as they have it due to their background. It does not mean that they do not have any merits at all; it only means that, in the case they had not had the status of their family, they would not have been where they currently are since their skills and talents do not correspond to it . That said, the desire of the parents especially those who are involved in politics and ruling the country to prevent their children from falling is what keeps British society from achieving a state of perfect meritocracy.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Together with that, universal access to education including school and higher education is what is often viewed as a preclusion to build a perfect meritocratic society in its traditional sense. There is a point of view that the ability to obtain education should not be universal, as it inverts the natural course of the development of meritocracy because it is a primary source of inequality in the society8. The main argument in favour of this statement is that there is inequality in the ability of families to help their children with gaining the education and that the one with more prestigious education occupies better positions of higher status regardless of the level of knowledge, skills, and talent. I am strongly inclined to believe that even though there are many problems deriving from the meritocratic concept of society, there is one promising opportunity of the present times that can help return to the meritocratic society in its traditional sense. With the outburst of informat ion and communication technologies and the overall shift to the knowledge-driven world, those without family ties with the highest circles of the community have gotten their chance to succeed in life with the help of their skills and talents. Since higher education has become available to nearly anyone and is no longer a prerogative of the privileged ones, the educational system has become that administratively authorised unit that can control the redistribution of talent. I do believe in it because education leads to inequality in society not in the case of different level of the college prestige but in the case if some people had the opportunity to obtain the higher education because of their familyââ¬â¢s status in the society, and others had not. When everyone is equal in access to education, even though the level of prestige differs, there emerges the possibility of equality because all that as the end results matters is not the name of the college indicated on the diploma bu t the level of knowledge and whether a person has skills needed for feeling the position. That said, the level of education has become one more merit. Of course, those enjoying the advantage of kinship will occupy most ruling positions but people with high intellectual abilities and robust creative potential will find their way to attaining a high place. One more argument in favour of the meritocracy of British society is the Queenââ¬â¢s Honour system9. It may be considered to be out in the left field but, in fact, meritocracy is about being rewarded for unique skills and persistent work. With this in mind, Queenââ¬â¢s system of Honours proves that there is some other way to reward people rather than the career, power, and money and that those who work for the good of their country should be titled and remembered. Together with the system of rewards, it also demonstrates the hierarchy in the society with being knighted as a symbol of reaching the highest ladder of it or the hi ghest rank possible. So, British society is just one little step away from becoming a perfect meritocracy. Since the end of World War II, there have been many positive shifts in achieving social justice and equality such as carrying out various reforms aimed at eradicating barriers keeping talented and skilled people away from becoming successful and obtaining high status in society. It should be said that taking one last step towards transforming in a perfectly meritocratic society may be even harder than all those previous ones that have already been taken, as it would mean that those occupying the highest ruling positions would let their children live their lives by means of their own unique character traits, knowledge, and persistence, i.e. their merits. Bearing in mind everything that was mentioned above building a society based on meritocratic approach is only possible in the case if every next generation forgets about the success and status of the current generation and start s its way from the very beginning with their intellectual and creative potential as the only criteria for achieving set objectives. It, to my mind, is impossible due to the humanââ¬â¢s nature, as the parents always want their children to have the best conditions for living their lives. The only option that might be possible in such case is creating conditions for fair competition in the society even though it is contrary to the postulates of the meritocratic society. I can explain it by providing the statement that without the competition there is no opportunity for achieving equality, as there are people who might have similar skills and talents so there should be a way of choosing it. So, developing competitive atmosphere together with education may become that administrative tool for redistributing human talent that is necessary for meritocratic society in it traditional sense. Reference List Allen, Ansgar, ââ¬ËMichael Youngââ¬â¢s The Rise of the Meritocracy: A Philosoph ical Critiqueââ¬â¢, British Journal of Educational Studies, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 367-382. Bloodworth, James, ââ¬ËMeritocracy is a Mythââ¬Ë, Independent (2014). Web. Duru-Bellat, Marie., Tenret, Elise., ââ¬ËWhoââ¬â¢s for Meritocracy? Individual and Contextual Variations in the Faithââ¬â¢, Comparative Education Review, vol. 56, no. 2, p. 223-247. Gelman, Andrew, ââ¬Å"Meritocracy Wonââ¬â¢t Happen: The Problem with the ââ¬ËOcracyââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ , Washington Post (2014). Web. Lister, Ruth, ââ¬ËLadder of Opportunity of Engine of Inequality?ââ¬â¢, The Political Quarterly, vol. 77, no. 1, 2006, pp. 232-234. Saunders, Peter, ââ¬ËMeritocracy and Popular Legitimacyââ¬â¢, The Political Quarterly, vol. 77, no. 1, 2006, pp. 183-194. Strong, Roy, ââ¬ËEnglandââ¬â¢s Class System is a Meritocracyââ¬Ë, The Telegraph (2014). Web. Wooldridge, Adrian, Measuring the Mind: Education and Psychology in England C. 1860-c.1990 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008). Footnotes 1 Adrian Wooldridge, Measuring the Mind: Education and Psychology in England C.1860-c.1990, p. 166. 2 Peter Saunders, ââ¬ËMeritocracy and Popular Legitimacyââ¬â¢, The Political Quarterly, vol. 77, no. 1, 2006, p. 183. 3 Ruth Lister, ââ¬ËLadder of Opportunity of Engine of Inequality?ââ¬â¢ The Political Quarterly, vol. 77, no. 1, 2006, p. 232. 4 Ansgar Allen, ââ¬ËMichael Youngââ¬â¢s The Rise of the Meritocracy: A Philosophical Critiqueââ¬â¢, British Journal of Educational Studies, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 370-374. 5 Andrew Gelman, â⬠Meritocracy Wonââ¬â¢t Happen: The Problem with the ââ¬ËOcracyââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ , Washington Post. 6 Marie Duru-Bellat Elise Tenret, ââ¬ËWhoââ¬â¢s for Meritocracy? Individual and Contextual Variations in the Faithââ¬â¢, Comparative Education Review, vol. 56, no. 2, p. 223. 7 Peter Saunders, ââ¬ËMeritocracy and Popular Legitimacyââ¬â¢, p. 183. 8 James Bloodworth, ââ¬ËMeritocracy is a Mythââ¬â¢, Independent. 9 Roy Strong, ââ¬ËEnglandââ¬â¢s Class System is a Meritocracyââ¬â¢, The Telegraph. This essay on Is Britain a Meritocratic Society? was written and submitted by user Brenna Rosario to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Tuesday, March 17, 2020
Free Essays on Microprocessor
Embedded microprocessors and embedded microcontrollers are similar but different at the same time. Both have the ability to run a task. But the microcontroller is more of a self sufficiant computer than the microprocessor. The microprocessor is more of a the component that drives your computer. A microprocessor is a computer processor on a microchip. It's sometimes called a logic chip. It is the "engine" that goes into motionwhen yopu turn your computer on. A microprocessor is designed to perform arithmetic and logic operations that make use of small number-holding areas called registers. Typical microprocessor operations include adding, subtracting, comparing two numbers, and gathering numbers from one place and moving it to another. These operations are the results of a set of instructions that are part of the microprocessor design. When the computer is turned on, the microprocessor is designed to get the first instruction from the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) that comes with the computer as part of its memory. After that either the BIOS, the operating system that BIOS loads into memory, or an application program is "driving" the microprocessor. One of the former are giving the microprocessor instructions to perform. A microcontrolller is a highly integrated chip that contains all the components comprising a controller. Typically this includes a CPU, RAM, some form of ROM, IO ports, and timers. Unlike a general-purpose computer, which also includes all of these components, a microcontroller is designed for a very specific task. They are generally used to control a particular system. As a result, the parts can be simplified and reduced, which cuts down on production costs. For both microprocessors and microcontrollers embedded mean that they are part of a larger system. The microprocessor bus discussed most often is the data bus; the bundle of wires (or pins) used to send and receive data. The more si... Free Essays on Microprocessor Free Essays on Microprocessor Embedded microprocessors and embedded microcontrollers are similar but different at the same time. Both have the ability to run a task. But the microcontroller is more of a self sufficiant computer than the microprocessor. The microprocessor is more of a the component that drives your computer. A microprocessor is a computer processor on a microchip. It's sometimes called a logic chip. It is the "engine" that goes into motionwhen yopu turn your computer on. A microprocessor is designed to perform arithmetic and logic operations that make use of small number-holding areas called registers. Typical microprocessor operations include adding, subtracting, comparing two numbers, and gathering numbers from one place and moving it to another. These operations are the results of a set of instructions that are part of the microprocessor design. When the computer is turned on, the microprocessor is designed to get the first instruction from the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) that comes with the computer as part of its memory. After that either the BIOS, the operating system that BIOS loads into memory, or an application program is "driving" the microprocessor. One of the former are giving the microprocessor instructions to perform. A microcontrolller is a highly integrated chip that contains all the components comprising a controller. Typically this includes a CPU, RAM, some form of ROM, IO ports, and timers. Unlike a general-purpose computer, which also includes all of these components, a microcontroller is designed for a very specific task. They are generally used to control a particular system. As a result, the parts can be simplified and reduced, which cuts down on production costs. For both microprocessors and microcontrollers embedded mean that they are part of a larger system. The microprocessor bus discussed most often is the data bus; the bundle of wires (or pins) used to send and receive data. The more si...
Sunday, March 1, 2020
An Introduction to Anasazi Puebloan Societies
An Introduction to Anasazi Puebloan Societies Anasazi is the archaeological term used to describe prehistoric Puebloan peoples of the Four Corners region of the American Southwest. This term was used to distinguish their culture from other Southwestern groups like the Mogollon and Hohokam. A further distinction in Anasazi culture is made by archaeologists and historians between Western and Eastern Anasazi, using the Arizona/New Mexico border as a fairly arbitrary divide. The people who resided in Chaco Canyon are considered Eastern Anasazi. The term Anasazi is an English corruption of a Navajo word meaning Enemy Ancestors or Ancient Ones. Modern Puebloan people prefer to use the term Ancestral Puebloans. Current archaeological literature as well tends to use the phrase Ancestral Pueblo to describe the pre-contact people that lived in this region. Cultural Characteristics Ancestral Puebloan cultures reached their maximum presence between AD 900 and 1130. During this period, the landscape of the entire Southwest was dotted by large and small villages constructed in adobe and stone bricks, built along the canyon walls, the mesa top or hanging over the cliffs. Settlements: The most famous examples of Anasazi architecture are the famous Chaco Canyon and Mesa Verde National Parks. These areas contain settlements constructed on the mesa top, at the bottom of the canyon, or along the cliffs. Cliff dwellings are typical of Mesa Verde, whereas Great Houses are typical of Chacoan Anasazi. Pithouses, underground rooms, were also typical dwellings of Ancestral Puebloan people in their earlier times.Architecture: Buildings were usually multistory and clustered near the canyon or cliff walls and were reached through wooden ladders. Anasazi constructed typical round or squared structures, called kivas, which were ceremonial rooms.Landscape: Ancient Puebloan people shaped their landscape in many ways. Ceremonial roads connected Chacoan villages among them and with important landmarks; staircases, like the famous Jackson Staircase, link the bottom of the canyon with the mesa top; irrigation systems provided water for farming and, finally, rock art, such as petroglyphs and pictographs, dots the rocky walls of many sites surrounding, testifying to the ideology and religious beliefs of these peoples. Pottery: Ancestral Puebloans crafted elegant vessels, in different shapes, such as bowls, cylindric vessels, and jars with distinct decorations typical of each Anasazi group. Motifs included both geometric elements as well as animals and humans usually portrayed in dark colors over a cream background, like the famous black-on-white ceramics.Craftwork: Other craft productions in which Ancestral Puebloan excelled were basketry, and turquoise inlay works. Social Organization For most of the Archaic period, people living in the Southwest were foragers. By the beginning of the Common Era, cultivation was widespread and maize became one of the main staples. This period marks the emergence of the typical traits of Puebloan culture. Ancient Puebloan village life was focused on farmingà and both productive and ceremonial activities centered around agricultural cycles. Storage of maize and other resources lead to surplus formation, which was re-invested in trading activities and feasting celebrations. Authority was probably held by religious and prominent figures of the community, who had access to food surpluses and imported items. Anasazi Chronology The Anasazi prehistory is divided by archaeologists into two main time frames: Basketmaker (AD 200-750) and Pueblo (AD 750-1600/historic times). These periods span from the beginning of settled life until the Spanish takeover. See the detailed Anasazi timelineSee details on the Rise and Fall of Chaco Canyon Anasazi Archaeological Sites and Issues Penasco BlancoChetro KetlPueblo BonitoChaco CanyonKivaChaco Road System Sources: Cordell, Linda 1997, Archaeology of the Southwest. Second Edition. Academic Press Kantner, John, 2004, Ancient Puebloan Southwest, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Vivian, R. Gwinn Vivian and Bruce Hilpert 2002, The Chaco Handbook. An Encyclopedic Guide, The University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City Edited byà K. Kris Hirst
Friday, February 14, 2020
2006 New York Housing Market Bubble Research Paper
2006 New York Housing Market Bubble - Research Paper Example Subsequently, the rapid increases lead to decreases in home values and mortgage debt charge that exceeds worth of property. Housing bubbles are usually identified after a market correction since house bubbles do not burst the way stock markets do. A housing bubble can occur when there is excess demand in housing with the supply that does not increase. There was a housing market bubble in New York that reached its climax in 2006. The housing bubble was attributed to rise in subprime lending, poor policies, poor taxation, emergence of new lenders, underwriters and mortgage brokers and credit raters. The housing bubble in New York took a period of ten years before it was realized. Because of the housing bubble in New York, the consumers, lenders and the entire economy were affected. The bubble was identified in New York by housing prices rising faster than the consumer prices, which was attributed to the increased demand for houses and a non-increasing supply side in housing (Frank, 200 9). Housing Market Bubble and New York City economy in 2006 During a housing boom, there is a substantial rise in real output as investment in houses and their related investments increases. There tends to be more jobs in the housing sector, and the investment gives out more economic output. Of course, the assets for extra housing activity have to be generated from somewhere, which means less activity for the other sectors of economy than it could have otherwise occurred. On bursting of a housing boom, new housing begins to fall, and the process is reversed. Another aspect of house pricing that affect the economy is that of household wealth effect and the related consumption. In times when house price increases, owners of houses for investments become wealthier and in the end increase their consumption spending since consumption is dependent on a personââ¬â¢s wealth. The wealthier an individual becomes, the more he has the willing power to consume and thus, the more he will consu me (Frank, 2009). The New York economy experienced changes due to the housing bubble. Before the market bubble came to be realized in the year 2006, the revenues related to real estates had increased tremendously, but with the housing market bubble, the revenues collected in the form of taxes from the real estates decreased drastically. The decrease in tax revenues could be attributed to the weaknesses in carrying out the housing transactions. There was a decrease in the growth of GDP since it grew at a lower level from the previous years. Private investments fell to 3.3% with a considerable increase in all sectors of private investments, but investments in inventories decreased significantly (Wiedemer, 2006). Consumer spending was highly affected by the housing bubble. As the mortgage interest rates rose, the consumption spending was decreased. However, since the interest rates rose slowly and the corresponding wealth effect was not random, the overall effect on the economy was not immediate, but took time before it could be noticed. An attempt to determine the value of houses rated NYC housing value as being 25% above the sustainable level. Usually, the reduced consumer spending may be because of the consumers not having trust in the housing investments, where they experienced a mix up of prices; price increases and price reductions. The consumers felt less wealthy after the bubble burst and they responded by cutting back spending (Wiedemer, 2006). During times of house bubbling, there were an increased number of brokers and underwriters, these made the real estate trade become easier with their role in shortening the transactions between purchasers and sellers of real
Saturday, February 1, 2020
Whats your religion belief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Whats your religion belief - Essay Example ne others the plan of our salvation, than from those from whom the Gospel has come down to us, which they did at one time proclaim in public, and, at a later period, by the will of God, handed down to us in Scriptures, to be the ground and pillar of our faithâ⬠. In a fairly categorical sense, the above quote seems to indicate that the existence of further understanding, revelation, or identification of how salvation takes place is not existentially possible. Instead, the quote embodies the belief that the final revelation of salvation and its relation to humanity have been uttered and no possible further explanation could be offered. Yet, this particular view misses one fundamental precept; namely the fact that both before and after Christââ¬â¢s earthly ministry, the power and importance of the Holy Spirit and its ability to convict the hearts of men and lead them in the path of righteous understanding played a central, if not pivotal, role in the way in which theological int erpretation and understanding took place. The underlying theological relevance of the above quote is of course central to understanding how a further knowledge and appreciation for Christian doctrine should develop. If it is in fact true that the development has taken place already, then the possibility for future scholars and theologians to continue to approach these topics from new perspectives and gain further insights is all but wasted effort. However, if the statement and untrue and somewhat misguided, then it is still required for individuals to engage with the Gospel and consider the unique ways in which theology and theological inquiry regarding the Holy Spirit, salvation and other fundamental Christian precepts can be understood and engaged within the life of the believer. Those that would disregard this approach as heretical would likely point to the danger of revisionism of key Biblical doctrines. However, such a fear is not necessarily grounded in reality or in fact; as the
Friday, January 24, 2020
can money buy happiness Essay -- essays research papers
In todayââ¬â¢s materialistic world, the phrase that ââ¬Ëmoney canââ¬â¢t buy happinessââ¬â¢ is tending to be proved hence otherwise. Social research and surveys have shown results based on an individuals income, health and the political scenario which is dominant in his or her region. It is quite obvious that the gap between the privileged and the not so is growing into a great divide giving rise to different class and status, thus defining ones social circle. It should therefore be understood how an individuals economic status affects their personal happiness throughout all aspects of life. Many tend to refer to this age-old quote especially when they tend to belong to sector of people who canââ¬â¢t afford the modern day luxuries of life. What they do not realize is that money, might in fact do just that, buy happiness. On the other hand, those who have pockets as heavy as themselves think that money Is nothing but a burden and a complication in life, which is too net worked to figure out, let alone solve. Happiness as defined in the Oxford Dictionary is a feeling of luck, fortune and contentment. The trends of music have hip hop artists expressing their childhoods as miserable experiences because they grew up in the ghetto. However once they have acquired their wealth, things couldnââ¬â¢t have been going more smoothly. Could they have not made the best out of their childhood, knowing that they were loved and cared for? Weren't they truly happy then without all the material accessories? In my opin...
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Eliminative Materialism
Explain Eliminative Materialism. Explain an argument in its favor. Does the Argument succeed? In this paper I will discuss Eliminative Materialism, a theory in philosophy of mind. First I will explain the term theory-theory, next Folk Psychology, as a theory will be discussed. Then, I will clarify the failure of Folk Psychology as per Eliminative Materialism. Last, I will explain an argument in favor of Eliminative Materialism. Finally, I will elucidate whether the argument succeeds or fails. Functionally, a theory must make predictions, interpret evidence in new ways, and provide explanations of phenomena in its domain [http://www. iep. utm. edu/th-th-co/]. Science contains an ample amount of theories. For example, the theory of evolution in biology makes the prediction that all life forms arose from a common ancestor. In the event that a new species is to be discovered the theory of evolution can, based on its careful observations and classifications of life forms, predict the ancestors of the newly discovered species. The theory of evolution does provide adequate explanation of phenomena in its domain; hence it is a successful theory. ââ¬Å"The term ââ¬Å"Theory-Theoryâ⬠derives from Adam Morton (1980), who proposed that our everyday understanding of human psychology constitutes a kind of theory by which we try to predict and explain behavior in terms of its causation by beliefs, intentions, emotions, traits of character, and so onâ⬠[http://www. iep. uwtm. edu/th-th-co/]. The hypothesized theory of human behavior is ââ¬Å"Folk Psychologyâ⬠. Folk Psychology provides explanations of human behavior, which is contingent on other mental states, like: desires, beliefs, fears, perceptions and so forth [Paul Churchland]. Hence, Folk Psychology has numerous mental states in its domain for which it provides explanations. To provide explanation of phenomenon and predictions Folk Psychology and other scientific theories use deductive nomological (law-like) explanations (Campbell). This is according to Paul Churchland. Here is an example of a deductive nomological explanation of fear-behavior as per Folk Psychology: People who are exposed to something scary tend to be scared. People who tend to be scared shriek ââ¬Å"Yahhhhooowwwâ⬠I scared my friend by surprising her Therefore, My friend said ââ¬Å"Yahhhhooowwwâ⬠Deductive nomological predictions can be attained my manipulating the tenses. According to Paul Churchland Folk Psychology has become such an integral and seemingly natural part of our way of dealing with one another; we overlook its theoretical status. Another reason for its seamless integration is the fact that Folk Psychology is an empirical revisionary theory. ââ¬Å"It is so obviously a theoryâ⬠¦ The structural features of Folk Psychology parallel perfectly those of mathematical physics; the only difference lies in the respective domain of abstract entities they exploit-numbers in the case of physics, and propositions in the case of psychologyâ⬠(Churchland) Being an empirical revisionary theory Folk Psychology excepts far more generalizations/exceptions than do other reputable theories (Campbell). Now that we have seen that Folk Psychology shares theoretical underpinnings with actual scientific theories what is next? According to an Eliminative Materialist then Folk Psychology can be disproven/eliminated. The preceding also suggests that Folk Psychology is not innate (knowledge that is a priori) as we might believe. That our commonsense psychological framework may be completely erroneous. ââ¬â ââ¬Å"The presumed domain of folk psychology used to be much larger than it is now. In primitive cultures, the behavior of most of the elements of nature were understood in intentional term. The wind could know angerâ⬠¦ â⬠Churchland ââ¬â The above shows reduction of the domain over the course of the years of folk psychology ââ¬Å"Given that folk psychology is an empirical theory, it is at least an abstract possibility that its principles are radically false and that its ontology is an illusion. ââ¬Å"(Churchland) Our Ontology is the catalogue of all things we believe actually exist in the universe. Campbell) ââ¬Å"Born of innocence and tunnel visionâ⬠Churchland To measure Folk Psychology's success ââ¬Å"we must evaluate Folk Psychology with regard to its coherence and continuity with fertile and well-established theories in adjacent domains-with evolutionary theory, biology, and neuroscience. â⬠(Churchland). ââ¬â Mention the failings of Folk Psychology here. Specific example the process of learning. If folk psychology is something that is itself learned then folk psychology would thus appear incapable of even addressing how one learns. Folk psychology then comes across a theory that is at best a highly superficial theory, a partial and unpenetrating gloss on a deeper and more complex reality. A reality that can be uncovered only by mature neuroscience. ââ¬â If we approach homo sapiens from the perspective of natural history and the physical sciences, we can tell a coherent story of his constitution, development, and behavioral capacities which encompassesâ⬠¦ That story, though still radically incomplete, is already extremely powerful, outperforming Folk Psychology at many points even in its own domain. ââ¬â ââ¬Å"On why is Folk Psychology hard to get rid of: Folk Psychology is a central part of our current lebenswelt, and serves as the principle vehicle of our interpersonal commerce. Foe these facts provide folk psychology with a conceptual inertia that goes far beyond its purely theoretical virtues. Folk psychology's categories appear (so far) to be incommensurable with or orthogonal to the categories of the background physical science whose long-term claim to explain human behavior seems undeniable. What is Folk Psychology? Folk Psychology is the common-sense understanding of mental states [Stanford]. By ââ¬Å"common-sense understandingâ⬠it is meant that mental states are not discerned in a scientific manner. Folk psychology encompasses the explanation and the prediction of behavior, the other-minds problem, the nature of i ntrospection
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
Teenage Pregnancy - 2330 Words
Discussion Question Studentââ¬â¢s Name: Institutional Affiliation Course Adolescent pregnancy is considered as a pregnancy in a female who is less than 20 years of age at the end of the pregnancy. It can occur in a fertile female either at puberty before the occurrence of her first menstrual period, or after the first period. The first menstrual period in nourished girls occurs at around 12 or 13 years of age. Pregnant teenagers experience many issues similar to other women. However, there would be other medical issues for mothers under 15 years. Teenage mothers of ages 15 to19 face socioeconomic issues rather than biological issues. Underage pregnancies are associated with high biological risks such as anemia,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Teenage pregnancy has many causes, risks, and effects. Researchers have identified quite a number of causes of teenage pregnancies. Some of the causes are engagement in unprotected sexual activity and lack of contraceptive use, which may be as a result of lack of knowledge. Some teenagers indulge in sexual activities under the influence of drugs. Failure to attend school and poor performance is also another cause. Poverty or low income in families leads to early sexual indulgence as a means to raise money. Single parenthood or the lack of parental involvement in a teenagerââ¬â¢s upbringing can lead to underage practices in sex (Creatsas Elsheikh, 20 02). Teenage pregnancy is a major issue in healthcare. This is because underage pregnancies have hazardous implications in a teenagerââ¬â¢s physical, social, and psychological life. Teenage mothers also have poor antenatal care. Because of this, they end up giving birth to premature babies, low weight, and those that die within their first year. Infant mortality rates are noted as being high for babies who are delivered by teenage mothers. In most cases, children born of teenage pregnancies are usually raised in single parenthood and may be brought up in poverty. The well-being of teenage mothers is also compromised because some of these teenage mothers have low income, low educational achievements, and low occupationalShow MoreRelatedTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy2089 Words à |à 9 Pageswas at a store when I came across a very young girl. She must have been no older than seventeen, but was so obviously pregnant. This did not surprise me since this is something common here in the Imperial Valley; we have such a high rate of teen pregnancy. What really caught my attention was that she was not alone; she had in her cart a toddler that kept referring her to mom. All I could think of was that such a young girl should not be concerned with raising a child, especially not two. Most youngRead MoreTeen Pregnancy And Teenage Pregnancy2011 Words à |à 9 Pagesproblems among teenagers is teen pregnancy. Throughout high school and college, teenagers are getting pregnant at an age they are incapable of taking care of a child. Along with hearing about teens getting pregnant, television shows are displaying it to you like 16 and Pregnant. Though the pregnancy rates have fallen over previous years, the United States still has the highest rates than any other Western industrialized country. Along with the teen pregnancies comes sexually transmitted diseasesRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teenage Pregnancies1364 Words à |à 6 PagesThe amount of teenage pregnancie s in America has skyrocketed in the last few decades. Young, uneducated children are having sexual intercourse without a clear understanding of the serious consequents behind their actions, but it is not entirely their fault because their parents and schoolââ¬â¢s curriculum have failed to bestow a clear and concise grasp of sex. Sexual education is typically incorporated into an academic setting either in middle school or high school when an adolescent is hitting pubertyRead MoreThe Factors Of Teenage Pregnancy1558 Words à |à 7 PagesTeenage pregnancy is normally identified as a deprived life choice, for example, tasks of teenage parenting have long-term impact on the mental health of the mother and children (Statistics New Zealand, 2003). It is important to identify the socioeconomic factors of teenage pregnancy to lower the chances of mental health problems in young mothers. In this paper the aim is to analyse the main socioeconomic factors of teenage pregnancy and discuss h ow it affects the mental health of an adolescent motherRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy825 Words à |à 4 PagesTeenage Pregnancy In 2014 Oklahoma City had the second highest teen birth rate in the United States at 38.5 pregnancies per 1000; the national average is 24.2 per 1000 (Grigson, 2016). Changing the health behaviors that lead to teenage pregnancy should be a #1 priority for healthcare workers and within the community. In order to have a positive impact on this target population, there needs to be increased awareness of the outcomes of teenage pregnancy, and more importantly how to change the healthRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Teens903 Words à |à 4 Pagesmay make, on average, $20,000 to $40,000 a year. The reality of teenage pregnancies can cause many disturbances in an adolescent s life. High school pregnancies are not glitz and glamour like television may portray, in reality, expecting teenage mothers are not exposed to that fashionable life that most teenagers strive for. A student s normal like will be affected by problems with friends, family, and emotional experiences. Teenage friendships are what shapes a human into the people that they becomeRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy : A Social Issue1551 Words à |à 7 PagesTeenage pregnancy rates have been declining in the United States, but when compared to pregnancy rates in other industrial countries such as Canada and the United Kingdom they are still relatively high. (Office of Adolescent Health, 2016). Teenage pregnancy is defined by UNICEF, as an adolescent between the ages of thirteen to nineteen becoming pregnant. (UNICEF Malaysia Communications). Teenage pregnancy is viewed as a social issue because of the way it affects a countryââ¬â¢s economy, the mother andRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy1812 Words à |à 8 PagesTeenage Pregnancy I. Introduction Teenage pregnancy is one of the major problem that the world is facing today. Early pregnancy or teenage pregnancy is dangerous to teenage girlsââ¬â¢ health because it may cause cervical cancer, aids, and eventually death. Teenage pregnancies are often associated with an increased rate of delinquent behaviors including alcohol and substance abuse. To begin with, majority of them belong to the low income group. To prevent this dilemma, there are some preventionsRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1546 Words à |à 7 PagesTeenage pregnancy is pregnancy in human females under the age of 20 at the time that the pregnancy ends. Low-income communities have the highest teenage pregnancy rates in the United States. Because of the fact that this is a very controversial issue in the United States, it is very important that most questions be addressed. Questions like, why is a teenage girl in Mississippi four times as likely to give birth as a teenage girl in New Hampshire? Or why is the teen birth rate in Massachusetts 19Read MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1664 Words à |à 7 PagesMaria Isabel Terrazas English 4 Miss Stahlecker 4 November 2015 Teenage Pregnancy According to cda.org, in 2013, a total of 273,105 babies were born to women that were in between the ages of 15-19 years old. Teenage pregnancy is a major concern in todayââ¬â¢s society. This paper will talk about teenage pregnancy, statistics, ways to prevent teenage pregnancy, and after birth options. So why is teenage pregnancy so important? Some people are concerned about teens getting pregnant at such an early age
Tuesday, December 31, 2019
Let me point out a few common misconceptions that you...
Let me point out a few common misconceptions that you might create while conceptualising your own version of Biggs ideas. Surface and deep are characteristics of the approaches that students might make, not characteristics of the students themselves. The three learning theories I want to discuss are Constructivist, Humanist and Congnitivism. According to constructivist theorists it is important that students do not have misconceptions before they start to learn a new concept. Teachers should identify the students current understanding and ideas in order to construct new meaning. This can be done, for example, by giving a quiz as an introduction to a new subject, by group discussion, by giving activities after presenting newâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The humanist learning theory (also known as self-directed learning) increases curiosity and encourages students to take responsibility for their own development and learning. It can be applied by establishing a warm, positive class atmosphere where each student believes they can learn what you want them to learn. It is important for the teacher to help students feel positive about themselves. I would do this in my teaching by giving lots of praise to students, particularly students that have a problem with confidence and are participating in tasks and activities outside of their comfort zone. I would try to create an atmosphere where there is no judgement from other students, where students are encouraged to think for themselves and discuss their findings ââ¬â not saying that answers are right or wrong but considering why they have come to their conclusions, if there might be other ways to approach the question and if different answers might be found. Once the students are comfortable and confident in the environment and in what they are doing then they can be stretched and challenged. In this learning theory it is also important that the studetns are given some control over their own learning, so they should be given options about what to learn and how to learn. In cognitivism the focus is on the students and how they gain and organise their knowledge. Petty (2009, page 104) suggests that cognitivists argue that learnersShow MoreRelatedContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words à |à 846 Pagesagreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry
Sunday, December 22, 2019
Neo Personality Inventory Revised ( Neo Pi R ) - 4227 Words
NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) Linda Laiton Dominguez Salem College Psych 220, Spring 2017 Dr. Mary Jacobsen April 18, 2017 Psychological tests or psychological assessments are an important asset in the field of psychology. These tests are designed to measure peopleââ¬â¢s characteristics which pertain to behavior. There are a variety of different types of tests that can be used to assess different types of behaviors. According to the specific behavior or behaviors being assessed, tests areâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The NEO PI-R is available for purchase at the publisherââ¬â¢s website, for individuals with a qualification level of S or B. A level S qualification requires that buyers have a degree, certificate, or license to practice in a health care profession, in addition to having the appropriate training and experience in ethical administration, scoring, and interpretation of clinical behavioral assessment measures (NEO PI-Râ⠢, 2012). A level B qualification is very similar to the level S qualification in that it requires a license or certification that required appropriate training and e xperience in the ethical and knowledgeable use of psychological tests, or a degree in psychology, counseling, or a related field, in addition to having completed coursework in test interpretation, psychometrics, measurement theory, and educational statistics with a passing grade (NEO PI-Râ⠢, 2012). This helps to ensure that the test is only handled by individuals who have the necessary knowledge to interpret the test without misinterpretation, which could have negative outcomes. The NEO PI-R is self-administered, which means individuals who do not have formal training in clinical psychology, personality or related fields can administer and score the instruments (Costa McCrae, 1992). Although, it is highly suggested that the administrator, whether formally trained or not, review the administration and scoring procedures from the manual. On the other hand,Show MoreRelatedPsychological Tests And Psychological Assessment4243 Words à |à 17 Pagestypes of behaviors. According to the specific behavior or behaviors being assessed, tests are categorized into two types, ability tests and personality tests. Ability tests, which encompass achievement, aptitude, and intelligence testing are used to determine capacity or potential by measuring scores based on speed, accuracy, or both. On the other hand, personality tests, which include structured or projective are used to determine behavior traits, that may be overt or covert. The structured test, requiresRead MoreA T heory Of Careers And Vocational Choice Based Upon Personality Types1560 Words à |à 7 Pagesto a theory of careers and vocational choice based upon personality types. Psychologist, John L. Holland, developed the theoretical framework behind the Holland Codes. Each letter or code stands for a particular type: Realistic (Doers), Investigative (Thinkers), Artistic (Creators), Social (Helpers), Enterprising (Persuaders), and Conventional (Organizers). According to Holland, a three-letter code represents a client s overall personality. The test consists of 48 example tasks that you rate byRead MoreThe Neo Personality Inventory ( Neo )2719 Words à |à 11 Pagesachievement, stress level, personality domain, and to assess a clientââ¬â¢s issue or level or functioning. Assessment instruments within counseling can also be used to provide the necessary treatment plans or academic help that is needed by the individuals who are being tested. For the purposes of this paper the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-3) will be examined. The NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-3) is a personality inventory that has been used to test the big five factors of personality which include theRead MoreThe Neo Pi R, By Paul T. Costa Jr.1772 Words à |à 8 PagesThe NEO-PI-R is a standard questionnaire that is a general measure of personality based upon the five factor model of personality (Piedmont, 2001; PAR, n.d). It systematically measures emotional, interpersonal, experiential, attitudinal, and motivational styles, which is used as a resource for a wide variety of professionals (Costa McCrae, 1992; PAR, n.d). it measures these styles by using the five domains of personality (Neuroticism, Extraversion Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness)Read MoreConscientiousness: a Review1793 Words à |à 8 PagesConscientiousness: A review Introduction: A major contribution of our personality is an essential trait known as Conscientiousness. It was first grouped in the Five Factor Model personality and the circumplex model of interpersonal behavior 40 years ago by well known psychologists named Tupes and Christal(1961) (McCrae and Costa,1985).Recent developments on the work were carried on by several other psychologists like McCrae and Costa (1985a), Digman and Inouye (1986), Hogan (1983), and PeabodyRead MoreMaterials . Signal Detection Task. A 25-Minute Signal Detection1130 Words à |à 5 Pagesperformance were analyzed with respect to their accuracy, response time, discriminability and degree of bias formed throughout the task. Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). The PID-5 (Krueger) is a questionnaire that includes 220 items rated on a 4 point Likert format of response scale (0 for very false or often false and 3 for very true or often true). This inventory is used to assess the symptoms as proposed in DSM-5 traits. The PID-5 comprises of 25 primary trait scales that reflects onto 5 higherRead MoreGender And Openness At Experience1081 Words à |à 5 Pagesfindings suggest that there is a relationship between gender and the personality trait of openness to experience. Gender and Openness to Experience From the beginning of oneââ¬â¢s life, people interact with one another, immediately creating new relationships. The type of relationships humans develop is determined by an individualââ¬â¢s personality. Based upon the Big Five Factor Model, there are five broad personality traits to describe humans (Costa, 1992). The Big Five traits areRead MoreOpenness in Personality10561 Words à |à 43 PagesThere have been different theoretical perspectives in the field of personality psychology over the years including human motivation, the whole person, and individual differences. The Big Five falls under the perspective of individual differences. In contemporary psychology, the Big Five factors (or Five Factor Model; FFM) of personality are five broad domains or dimensions of personality that are used to describe human personality. Openness is a general appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusualRead MoreDifferent Theories And Models Of Personality2751 Words à |à 12 Pagesthe word personality is still hard to define. Many psychologists disagreed on how to define psychology and how to identify behaviors through personalities. As there are many theories and models of personality, this essay will discuss the five-factor model, and its wide application within a culture or a community. One of the most important goals of personality psychology is the establishment of a model that can describe a person s personality and disorders that are associated with personality. Not onlyRead MorePersonality Traits2403 Words à |à 10 PagesIn psychology, personality traits could be explained from many aspects, and one of them describes personality traits as categorizations of peopleââ¬â¢s particular characteristics (Burger, 1997) while others hold opposite ideas that personalities are more unique and different for ea ch individual depending on his or her peculiar life experience. The former idea relates itself to nomothetic approach, which is a quantitative approach that studies personalities that people share in common to find out a general
Saturday, December 14, 2019
Health Psychology Stress and Well Being Free Essays
string(57) " how the individual appraises the situation or stressor\." Health Psychology: Stress and Well Being Shavonia Finley PSY 101: Introduction to Psychology Destiny Champion February 14, 2011 Health Psychology: Stress and Well Being In everyoneââ¬â¢s life a little stress must fall. We all have to deal with daily hassles and various personal stressors that effect our emotional and physical health. The manner in which we deal with these stressors can alleviate or reduce stress or it can make things worse. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Psychology: Stress and Well Being or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mind and body issues have bemused philosophers and psychologists since the ancient Greeks; however recently a new subfield in psychology has immerged to investigate the subject. Health psychology focuses on psychological factors and how they relate to wellness and illness. This would include prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various medical ailments. More specifically, psychoneuroimmunology is a growing field dedicated to examining how psychological factors, the immune system, and the brain work together. For most people life is filled with small hassles that recur on a regular basis. Busy schedules at home and at work coupled with a traffic filled commute before your day even gets going can cause stress. These stressors are known as background stressors and are the most easily dealt with. They are the daily hassles that irritate us, do not require much coping, and are soon forgotten. Other background stressors can be classified as long term, chronic problems. Dissatisfaction with work, a relationship that is not fulfilling, or a culmination of minor stressors can manifest into health problems such as psychological symptoms, backaches, sore throat, or even the flu [ (Feldman, 2009) ]. The opposite of the daily hassle is uplifts. These are those positive little things that make us feel good. Uplifts are usually temporary, but when we experience more uplifts than stressors we experience less psychological symptoms. An example of an uplift might be something like getting a compliment or completing a task. Stressors such as the terrorist attack in 2001 or Hurricane Katrina in 2005 are classified as cataclysmic events. Cataclysmic events are experienced by many people at once and usually do not have potent, lingering effects. Social support is abundant because so many people share the same first-hand account of the event and can understand each otherââ¬â¢s feelings. Another major category of stressors is personal stressors. This would be brought on by things that are more personal such as the loss of a job or the death of a loved one. These types of stressors yield an immediate response that tapers over time allowing us to better cope. How we initially react to a stressor shows that there is a direct link between our mental and physical functions. Walter Cannonââ¬â¢s research in biological psychology, early in the 20th century, led him to describe the ââ¬Å"fight or flightâ⬠response of the sympathetic nervous system to perceived threats to physical or emotional security (Feldman, 2009). The body reacts with an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, increase in perspiration, hearing and vision become more acute, and the hands and feet become cold due to blood being directed to large muscles in preparation for fight or fleeing. Hans Selye took this a little further and popularized the concept of stress in the 1950ââ¬â¢s. His theory, which he called general adaption syndrome, suggests all individuals have the same or similar response to threatening situations. He believed that not only did the sympathetic nervous system respond, but also the adrenal cortex and the pituitary gland. The theory is that enough epinephrine, or adrenaline, is produced to focus the body on immediate self preservation and shut down other functions such as digestion, reproduction, tissue repair, and the immune system. A constant threat or stressor would leave these functions inhibited and cause the individual to be susceptible to illness (Richmond, 1997). This inhibition of bodily functions can also exacerbate an existing illness. There are three stages; alarm and mobilization when the stressor is realized, resistance or the attempt to cope, and if coping was not adequate, exhaustion and the onset of negative consequences. One example of how stress can leave someone vulnerable to illness is clear when we look at the case of an adolescent girl named Tatiana. Tatiana has had to take on parental responsibilities for her little sister for the past several years, giving up all social time with her friends to do so. She has also had knowledge of the financial difficulties her parents have had to deal with recently. To make matters worse, she has had to move from her home, just as she is starting middle school, to a whole new state. Recently she presented with severe abdominal pains from constipation. None of the over-the-counter remedies helped and she was admitted to the hospital. She was diagnosed with a virus that paralyzed her intestines so the doctor gave her antibiotics and a special diet to follow. Unfortunately, her condition continued to decline and the doctors decided her symptoms were psychosomatic, implying her illness was not real. She eventually lost all muscle function in her arms and legs and was confined to a wheelchair. She then was enrolled in a program run by a health psychologist designed to treat psychophysiological disorders. Since her physical ailments were already being treated by a pediatrician they could concentrate on the psychological and emotional difficulties and how they all interacted. After two months in the program, Tatiana is now able to walk on her own and is no longer having digestive difficulties. As she has stated, ââ¬Å"I was very angry with my parents. They never asked me what I wanted. They treat me like a baby, but they want me to do grown-up stuff. I hated them for thatâ⬠(Wells, 2011). While Selyeââ¬â¢s theory has impacted our understanding of stress, it has also been challenged. His theory suggests that no matter what the stressor, the biological reaction will be similar in all individuals. Health psychologists today believe the reaction is also determined by how the individual appraises the situation or stressor. You read "Health Psychology: Stress and Well Being" in category "Papers" For example, another adolescent in Tatianaââ¬â¢s situation may simply have acted out instead of becoming ill. The situation could have been perceived by another as stressful, but not unusual, therefore the different perception would result in a different outcome. Due to these differences in perspective, there has been an increased focus on psychoneuroimmunology and stress. Psychoneuroimmunology takes a broader approach to stress. It focuses more directly on the outcomes of stress; three main consequences have been identified. First, the physiological results of stress include increased blood pressure, hormonal activity, and an overall decline in the effectiveness of the immune system. Second, stress can cause people to behave in ways that are not productive and even harmful such as drug, alcohol, or nicotine use, poor eating habits, and a decrease in sleep. Third, indirect consequences that can cause a decline in health and the likelihood that medical advice will be ignored if ever sought. One of the biggest illnesses associated with stress is coronary heart disease. You may know someone who is always in competition with others, is easily irritated, or is overly aggressive. We all feel this way sometimes, but there are those who carry the set of personality traits know as the Type-A behavior pattern. Then there are those who fall into Type-B behavior pattern which is more patient, noncompetitive, nonaggressive, and cooperative. These two behavior types are the polar ends of a continuum and most people fall somewhere in the middle. Type-A personalities in males are highly associated with coronary heart disease. Hostility seems to be a key factor since it triggers the production of epinephrine and norepinephrine, increases heart rate, and raises blood pressure. When this response is exaggerated and continuous there is an increased incidence of coronary heart disease (Feldman, 2009). For most of society stress has been recognized as a part of life. Therefore people have devised many ways to control, reduce or tolerate it. These methods are known as coping and are often utilized in multiples. The most common methods of coping with stress are emotion-focused and problem-focused. Emotion-focused coping focuses on people trying to change the way they feel about or perceive a problem; like looking on the bright side. Problem-focused coping strategies include modification of the source of the stress; an example would be learning how to fix your own car to maintain and avoid costly repairs. Common coping methods vary widely in individuals. Most will choose healthy resolutions such as relaxation techniques to slow down the sympathetic nervous system. These include exercise, meditation, prayer, joining a support group, or any other activity that relaxes you such as painting or listening to music. There are also those who will choose unhealthy courses of action. For them alcohol use is the number one choice. Others may choose to use drugs, nicotine, overeat, or starve themselves. Some people choose yet another course of action called learned helplessness. This is when someone is faced with a situation that seems intolerable and they eventually give up. Their environment has ingrained in them that certain situations cannot be controlled or changed regardless if it can or not. The opposite would be the person with a hardy personality. They seem to have the most success with dealing with stress. This personality type has three distinct characteristics: commitment, challenge, and control. They usually throw themselves into whatever they are working on, they believe change is the norm in life rather than stability, and they give the perception that they can influence the events in their lives. Managing stress before it becomes too difficult to control is another aspect of coping. Having a healthy perspective of most situations will allow you to prioritize your life reducing the potential stressors. Also, having a realistic self image and reasonable expectations will allow you to set appropriate goals. The achievement of such goals will result in an uplift rather than a perceived failure. Once stress can be managed there can be a pursuit for happiness. Over the course of a life there will be times that are happier than others or not happy at all. In a study performed by Carol Ryff it was determined that happiness can be measured in six dimensions; prior studies did not include as many dimensions (1989). The dimensions described in her study would be self acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth. Her study surveyed 321 men and women of varying ages. Someone scoring high would possess a positive attitude toward themselves including their good and bad qualities. They would also show empathy towards others and understand the give and take of relationships. Autonomy is seen in someone who is independent and able to resist social pressures. Someone who has become an environmental master has a sense of competence in controlling external activities. Believing you have a purpose in life means you have goals and a sense of direction. Finally, having a feeling of continued development and openness to new experiences shows personal growth. Another study used the person-environment fit theory to compare work and family experiences to the personââ¬â¢s values and how they relate to stress and well-being. The idea behind the study was to see if the amount of supplies we value influences well-being when they increase and decrease. The dimensions looked at were autonomy, relationships, security, and segmentation. Person ââ¬â environment fit theory says that stress occurs when there is a perceived mismatch between the environment and a personââ¬â¢s goals, desires, and values (Edwards Rothbard, 1999). Cognitive appraisal is directly incorporated into the concept of stress. Basically, person ââ¬â environment theory predicts well-being when there is a perceived match in environment and values. The opposite, or stress, occurs when there is a mismatch. The onset of stress will cause mental and physical strain and stimulate efforts to cope. There are three reasons why well being should be higher when autonomy supplies and values are both high rather than low. First, high autonomy supplies may consist of high supplies for responsibility and authority, in other words accomplishment and status, which many people value. Second, desiring and attaining high levels of autonomy possibly constitutes a supply for values pertaining to accomplishment and adjustment. Third, autonomy allows for freedom to allocate time and resources to meet lifeââ¬â¢s high demands. High control in addition to high demands gives people the ability to successfully cope with challenging situations, which leads to satisfaction and growth. The next dimension is relationships or personal connections with other people. People are naturally motivated to establish and maintain relationships. This is true at work and with family members. Relationships play such a dominant role in stress research because they provide social support that facilitates coping with stress and achieving well-being. When a person has a desire for strong connections with others it suggests they have achieved ambitious goals regarding social integration. The third dimension of well being is security, which is defined as ââ¬Å"the belief that membership in a role is stable and likely to continueâ⬠(Edwards Rothbard, 1999). An example would be the feeling of job security or security within a marriage. Security is yet another basic human motive. Finally, the degree of separation or insulation there is between work and family is segmentation. Keeping your family stresses and work stresses separate requires an active effort on the part of the person. Managing boundaries between the two allows the person to inhibit the transfer of stressful experiences between the two. The study of mental and physical well being done by health psychologists and psychoneuroimmunolgists is still relatively new and is opening the door to many new career fields. The opportunities for careers in health psychology in this country are plentiful. Medical settings, especially medical centers, have expanded their employment opportunities for psychologists. In addition to medical centers, health psychologists often work in colleges and universities, medical schools, health maintenance organizations, rehabilitation centers, pain management centers, public health agencies, hospitals, and private consultation/practice offices [ (American Psychological Association: Health Psychology, 2011) ]. In addition to the specific skills that psychologists offer to patients and staff in the medical community, psychologists offer a unique perspective that assists other healthcare professionals make certain that health care is helpful and cost-effective. Health psychologists have focused on how lifeââ¬â¢s ups and downs can affect our mental and physical health. They have stirred professional and public interest in how biology, the environment, and our behaviors influence health and illness. Their studies have provided us with methods of coping and anaging stress so it is possible to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The more we learn about the relationship between biology, our environment, and behavior the better equipped we will be at preventing, diagnosing, and managing chronic illness. References American Psychological Association: Health Psychology. (2011). Retrieved January 27, 2011, from APA Division 38: http://www. health-psych. org/abouthowtobecome. cfm Edwards, J. R. , Rothba rd, N. P. (1999). Work and Family Stress and Well-Being: An Examination of Person-Environment Fit in the Work and Family Domains. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 77 (No. 2), 85 ââ¬â 129. Feldman, R. S. (2009). Understanding Psychology (9th ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill. R. L. Richmond, P. (1997). The Psychcology of ââ¬Å"Stress Managementâ⬠. Retrieved January 2011, from A guide to psychology and its practice: http://www. guidetopsychology. com/stress. htm Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is Everything, or Is It? Explorations on the Meaning of Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 57 (No. 6), 1069 ââ¬â 1081. Wells, T. (2011, February 5). (S. Finley, Interviewer) How to cite Health Psychology: Stress and Well Being, Papers
Friday, December 6, 2019
Case Study for International Pricing And Performance of Xiaomi
Questions: 1: Main competitors of Xiaomi in the markets of China, India and United States? 2: Main strategy of Xiaomi in the market segments? 3: Explaining Xiaomis Advertisement Approach? 4: Key Measures of Success for Xiaomis Strategy? Answers: Introduction The modern business organizations have become global and the range of the products and services of all the organizations have increased by a large extent. This assignment will highlight about the organization Xiaomi and their marketing and pricing strategy around the whole world. It will also highlight about the overall performance of the organization in terms of its marketing and financial performance. 1: Main competitors of Xiaomi in the markets of China, India and United States The organization Xiaomi has a global presence in the major markets of China, India and United States. China- In case of Chinese market, the main competitors of the smart phone organization is Samsung, Hauwei, Lenovo and Apple. In case of market share of the market share of the competitors, it can be seen that the market share of Apple is 14.7 percent, Samsung is 19.9 percent, and Lenovo is 10.5 percent, whereas Xiaomi has a market share of only 9.2 percent. In case of sale volumes, Samsung has a sales volume of 9.6 million; Apple has a sales volume of 14.5 million whereas Xiaomi has a sales volume 13.5 million for the 1st quarter of 2015 (Lee, 2014). India- In the market of India, the major competitors of Xiaomi are Samsung, Micromax, Apple, Microsoft, Lenovo, etc. Samsung has a market share of 25 percent, whereas Micromax has a market share of 20.4 percent. In case of sales volumes, the sales volume of Samsung is 8 millions, Micromax is 7 millions in case of sales volume in Indian Smartphone market. United Kingdom- In the smart phone market segment of United Kingdom, the primary competitors of Xiaomi are Apple, Samsung, HTC, Microsoft, LG and others. In case of market share of the organizations, it is seen that, Samsung is the market leader with 31.8 percent market share and is closely followed by Apple with 22.9 percent of market share. Xiaomi is lagging behind in case of obtaining some portion of market share in United Kingdom (Xie and Liang, 2013). Figure 1: Graphical presentation of global handset makers market share in smart phone segment (Source: dazeinfo.com, 2014) In case of competitive positioning of the organization, the organization lies in the category of low price and low quality segment among the wide range of competitors in the given markets. 2: Main strategy of Xiaomi in the market segments The primary strategy of the organization Xiaomi is market penetration and cost effective strategy. The organization sells cost effective products which are cheaper in price among the competitors in the market. The pricing strategy is designed by the organization to penetrate the market and surpass its competitors effective. However, the organization implies word of mouth marketing other than any forms of advertising. The market share of the organization is lagging behind due to ineffective means of advertising. The main strategy of the organization is to create a viral marketing process by minimizing the prices of their products in terms of their competitors. They can easily penetrate the market and create effective word of mouth marketing among a wide segment of customers through the market of China, India and United Kingdom (White, 2010). 3: Explaining Xiaomis Advertisement Approach Xiaomi has come into the mobile market in just 5 years earlier with aim of marketing smartphone and other electronic gadgets. But it is needed to be stated that when the company stepped in the market, it has already gone populated and almost acquired by the mobile and technical giants like Samsung, Nokia, Apple, Blackberry and others (Shih, Lin and Luarn, 2014). Henceforth, application of the strategical advertisement policies seemed to be literally necessary. On the other hand, promotion and advertisement has helped Xiaomi to reach to a large number of people in China. At the same time, its slow stride to the doors of the common people stating the versatility of its products and pointing to the distinction with the other potential but similar products of other organisations of the market lead the people feel extremely fascinated for the products. As the company is marketing its products extensively by suggesting the point of similarity and dissimilarity with the other products available in the market, people feel more exquisite. It is quite sure that the organisation has expends a lot after advertisement and promotion, it also appears to be a booster for increasing of the sale of the products. According to Hettne (2010), the advertisement is literally proved to be quite significant for the strategical development of the organisation. Xiaomi has enabled itself in the extensive organisational development. But it is needed to be stated that Xiaomi seemed to have applied a complete shift from non advertising to extensive advertisement. Application of the advertising and promotion strategy has proved to be literally successful for the organisation which has enabled the organisation in acquiring the market place. It also treats to be a strategical approach for the congenial development of the organisation intrinsically. 4: Key Measures of Success for Xiaomis Strategy Advertisement appears to be the most intrinsic and successful strategy that Xiaomi has applied so far. It is also a unique approach that determines intrinsically that approach of Xiaomi in the market is sophisticated. Both in television and digital media advertising, Xiaomi stood to be the top. In the past 2 years, a report of Denning (2014) projects, Xiaomi has received a market growth of 19.24% internationally along with China. Mostly people prefer these devices because Xiaomi has availed its marketing approach by applying better marketing orientation. It also provides products extensively technology in their products with a limited range which can be paid easily by the customers. Figure 2: Growth rate of smart phone (Source: www.idc.com, 2015) In comparison with the other international companies of gadgets, Xiaomi has joined the race ads has claimed the ladder intrinsically in the past year. Sales have also received a consecutive boost. A research of Srivastava (2010) projects every year it receives a 7% development. Approach of organisational development has proved to be a marker for the organisation which leads to attain to be the most intrinsic approach for the conditional development. Conclusion: The researcher so far has stated the process of marketing development with the advertisement approach. The research has also identified the issues which are quite essential and potential in this approach which attains to be intrinsic aspect. References White, M. (2010). Information anywhere, any when: The role of the smartphone.Business Information Review,27(4), 242-247. Xie, W.and Liang, H. (2013). A case study: Innovation strategy assessment of the leading smartphone companies. InInnovation Conference (SIIC), 2013 Suzhou-Silicon Valley-Beijing International, pp. 121-126 An, X., Xu, S., Mu, Y., Wang, W., Bai, X. Y., Dawson, A., and Han, H. (2012). Emerald Article: Meta-synthetic support frameworks for reuse of government information resources on city travel and traffic: The case of Beijing.information systems,46(1), 5-20. Lee, Y. F. L. (2014). When Google Meets Xiaomi: Comparative Case Study in Western and Eastern Corporate Management.Journal of International Technology and Information Management,23(3-4), 75. Denning, S. (2014). An economy of access is opening for business: five strategies for success.Strategy Leadership, 42(4), pp.14-21. Hettne, B. (2010). Development Beyond Market-led Globalization.Development, 53(1), pp.37-41. Shih, C., Lin, T. and Luarn, P. (2014). Fan-centric social media: The Xiaomi phenomenon in China.Business Horizons, 57(3), pp.349-358. Srivastava, R. (2010). Effectiveness of global advertisement on culture of India: an emerging market.International Journal of Emerging Markets, 5(1), pp.102-113 dazeinfo.com, 2014 : Global handset makers market share in smart phone segment, accessed on 30/06/2015. www.idc.com, (2015).Global Smartphone Growth Expected to Slow to 11.3% in 2015 as Market Penetration Increases in Top Markets, According to IDC. [online] Available at: https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS25641615 [Accessed 30 Jun. 2015].
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